Overview of the kinase family

Kinases Diagram
Kinases Diagram
Kinases are a large family of enzymes

Kinases are a large family of enzymes with over 500 encoded in the human genome and all share a highly conserved kinase domain. Dependent on the substrate they act upon they can be broadly classified into 3 categories: protein kinases, carbohydrate kinases and lipid kinases. Due to the diverse roles that kinases play in the cell they are implicated in a number of diseases including cancer:

Protein kinases
  • can phosphorylate substrate proteins on serine, threonine, tyrosines or histidine residues. Mitogen-activated protein kinases such as RAF kinases involved in the MAPK signaling pathways and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation are prime examples of pathways implicated in cancers.
Lipid kinases
  • alter the localization and reactivity of lipids through phosphorylation. A well-known example of a lipid kinase is phosphoinositide 3-kinase which is implicated in a number of cancers, mainly through alterations to its catalytic subunit - PIK3CA.
Carbohydrate kinases
  • such as hexokinase play important roles in the majority of metabolic pathways.
  • Available knockout cell lines
Examples of available knockouts by kinase sub-family
AGC Subfamily

AKT1/PKBA

LATS2

PKCE

ROCK2

AKT2/PKBB

MAST1

PKCG

RSK1/p90RSK

AKT3/PKBG

MAST2

PKCI

RSK2

BARK1/GRK2

MRCKA

PKCM

RSK3

BARK2/GRK3

MRCKB

PKCT

RSK4

DMPK

MSK2

PKCZ

SGK3

DMPK2

NDR1

PKN1/PRK1

p70S6KB

GRK4

NDR2

PKN2/PRK2

GRK5

PDK1

PKN3

GRK6

PKAA

PRKX

LATS1

PKCD

ROCK1

CAMK Subfamily

AMPKA1

DAPK3

PHKg1

SPEG

AMPKA2

DCAMKL2

PHKg2

STK33

BRSK1

DRAK1

PIM1

TRB1

BRSK2

DRAK2

PIM2

TRB2

CAMK1B

HUNK

PIM3

TRB3

CAMK1D

MARK1

PKD3

TRIO

CAMK2D

MARK2

PSKh2

TSSK2

CAMK2G

MARK3

QIK

TSSK3

CAMLCK

MARK4

QSK

TSSK4

CASK

MELK

SIK

VACAMKL

CHK2

NUAK1

SMMLCK

DAPK1

OBSCN

SNRK

DAPK2

PASK

CK1 Subfamily

CK1D

CK1G2

SGK493

VRK1

CK1E

CK1G3

SLOB

VRK2

CK1G1

Haspin

TTBK2

VRK3

CMGC Subfamily

CDK10

CLK1

ERK5

MOK

CDK11

CLK2

ERK7

NLK

CDK3

CLK3

GSK3A

PCTAIRE1

CDK4

CLK4

GSK3B

PCTAIRE2

CDK5

DYRK1B

HIPK1

PCTAIRE3

CDK6

DYRK2

HIPK2

PFTAIRE1

CDK8

DYRK3

HIPK3

SRPK1

CDKL1

DYRK4

ICK

SRPK2

CDKL3

ERK1

JNK1

p38b

CDKL5

ERK2

JNK2

CHED

ERK3

MAK

STE Subfamily

GCN2

MAP2K5

MAP3K7

STLK5

HGK/ZC1

MAP2K6

MAP3K8

STLK6

KHS1

MAP2K7

MINK/ZC3

TAO2

KHS2

MAP3K1

MST2

TAO3

LOK

MAP3K2

MST4

TNIK/ZC2

MAP2K1

MAP3K3

NIK

YSK1

MAP2K2

MAP3K4

OSR1

MAP2K3

MAP3K5

SLK

MAP2K4

MAP3K6

STLK3

TK Subfamily

ABL

EPHA6

FYN

LYN

ACK

EPHB1

HCK

PDGFRA

ALK

EPHB2

HER2

PTK2B

ARG

EPHB3

HER3

RET

CCK4/PTK7

EPHB4

IGF1R

SRC

CSK

FER

INSR

SURTK106

CTK

FES

JAK1

SYK

DDR1

FGFR1

JAK2

TEC

DDR2

FGFR2

LMR1

TNK1

EGFR

FGFR3

LMR2

TRKA

EPHA2

FGFR4

LMR3

TYK2

EPHA3

FLT1

LTK

YES

EPHA4

FLT4

LYK

TKL Subfamily

ACTR2B

IRAK1

MLK3

TESK2

ALK2

IRAK2

MLK4

TGFBR2

ALK4

IRAK4

MLKL

WNK1

ARAF

KSR

NRBP1

WNK2

BMPR1A

KSR2

NRBP2

WNK3

BMPR1B

LIMK2

PBK

ZAK

BMPR2

LRRK1

RAF1

BRAF

LRRK2

RIPK2

DLK

MLK1

SGK496

ILK

MLK2

TESK1